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From phytochemical complexity to biological function: A comparative study of Capparis spinosa fruit extracts
Marco Pinzerato1, Caterina Dieni1, Isabella Giacomini1
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Fitoterapia
|May 10, 2026
Summary
Extraction methods significantly impact the biological activity of Capparis spinosa fruit extracts. These findings support their use as multifunctional dermocosmetic ingredients for skin health and microbiome balance.
Area of Science:
- Dermocosmetology and Phytochemistry
- Exploration of Mediterranean plant species for skincare applications.
Background:
- Capparis spinosa L. (caper) is traditionally used for inflammatory and skin conditions.
- Caper fruits are increasingly recognized for their potential in dermocosmetics due to bioactive compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comparatively analyze phytochemical profiles and biological activities of C. spinosa fruit extracts.
- To investigate the influence of different extraction strategies on extract efficacy.
- To assess the potential of C. spinosa extracts as multifunctional dermocosmetic ingredients.
Main Methods:
- Phytochemical profiling using Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS).
- In vitro evaluation of cytocompatibility, epithelial barrier integrity, antioxidant activity (ROS modulation), anti-senescence effects, collagen type I production, and antimicrobial assays.
- Comparative analysis of aqueous (CAP1, CAP2) and hydroalcoholic (CAP3) extracts.
Main Results:
- Caper fruit extracts are rich in flavonol glycosides, phenylpropanoid esters, and glucosinolates.
- Extraction strategy significantly altered metabolite abundance and biological effects.
- All extracts demonstrated cytocompatibility and preserved epithelial barrier integrity.
- Extract CAP1 showed potent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects; CAP3 exhibited strong anti-senescence activity.
Conclusions:
- Extraction method is crucial for optimizing the dermocosmetic potential of C. spinosa fruit extracts.
- C. spinosa extracts show promise for targeting skin homeostasis, photoaging, and skin microbiome balance.
- Further research can leverage these findings for developing novel skincare formulations.
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