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Updated: May 12, 2026

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
Published on: July 28, 2018
Polymer-environment interplay drives microplastic degradation in a surface-flow wetland: New insights into bacterial
Rui Wu1, Yuman Ma1, Yanxia Wang2
1Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
Abstract:
It remains unclear how polymer types (petroleum- vs. bio-based) and environmental media interact to affect microplastic (MP) biodegradation in wetlands. We conducted a 120-day in situ experiment, incubating five MPs (polylactic acid [PLA], polyurethane [PU], polyethylene terephthalate [PET], polyethylene [PE], and polypropylene [PP]) in a surface-flow wetland. A distinct degradation order was observed: PU (15.2 ± 3.2% in sediment; 12.0% ± 3.9% in water) > PE (11.9% ± 2.9%; 8.2% ± 4.0%) > PLA (4.4% ± 2.2%; 5.0% ± 3.1%) ≈ PET (2.4% ± 1.5%; 7.1% ± 3.5%) ≫ PP (0.0-0.3%), showing faster degradation of most petroleum-based MPs than bio-based PLA. Integrating 16S rRNA sequencing, co-occurrence network analysis, neutral and null model analyses, we demonstrated plastisphere community assembly was governed by deterministic habitat filtering (>85% contribution) over polymer type. Functional specialization diverged between habitats, with aquatic plastispheres being enriched in nitrate reducers and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders (Nitrospira, Methyloversatilis, and Hydrogenophaga), whereas sedimentary ones were dominated by plastic/polysaccharide degraders (Psychrobacter and Microbulbifer). Co-occurrence networks contrasted sharply, being high-modularity/low-connectivity structures in water but low-modularity/high-connectivity ones in sediment. Structural equation modeling identified the plastisphere microbiome as the direct degradation driver. This degradation is enhanced by light irradiation (loadings: 0.888) in water and but is inhibited by the contents of organic matter (-0.738), DGT-labile Fe (-0.876) and S (-0.876) in sediment. These findings underscore the critical interplay between habitat and polymer type in controlling MP fate in wetlands.
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