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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Recent developments in In(III) coordination complexes: singularity in structure-photophysics relationships.

Minseo Ji1, Haein Kim2, Gahyeon Baek1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indium complexes are versatile luminophores where ligand structure dictates light emission. This review correlates ligand design with photophysical properties, guiding the development of new optoelectronic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Indium coordination complexes are emerging as key main-group luminophores.
  • Excited-state behavior is primarily controlled by ligand architecture, not metal-centered transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structure-photophysics relationships in indium complexes across diverse ligand families.
  • To establish correlations between ligand design and photophysical properties for optoelectronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of structure-photophysics relationships in four ligand families: quinolinolate, salen/salophen, dipyrrin, and macrocycles.
  • Correlation of quantitative photophysical data (quantum yield, lifetime, rate constants, ISC efficiency) with structural parameters.
  • Comparison with aluminum and gallium congeners.

Main Results:

  • Ligand donor-acceptor balance, rigidity, and π-conjugation influence charge transfer and delocalized states.
  • Indium complexes exhibit stronger ICT character and broader emission tunability compared to Al/Ga congeners.
  • Macrocyclic indium complexes show efficient triplet formation and singlet-oxygen generation.

Conclusions:

  • Common design motifs link localized CT emission to delocalized π-systems in indium complexes.
  • A framework for rational ligand modification in In(III) complexes is presented.
  • This research facilitates the refinement of indium-based emitters and photosensitizers for optoelectronics.