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Severe HCoV-OC43 Pneumonia in a 25-Year-Old Woman Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Mingzhou Zhang1,2, Ting Tang3, Mingxia Zheng1,2
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Background:
We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed progressive dyspnea and fever following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Case Presentation:
Despite broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy, the patient's clinical condition worsened. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation revealed human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) as the causative pathogen. Histopathological examination of lung tissue confirmed viral pneumonia. Treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) was initiated. The patient demonstrated rapid clinical improvement, with complete radiological resolution within 3 months.
Conclusion:
This case highlights the potential therapeutic role of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in managing severe HCoV-OC43 pneumonia in patients who are immunocompromised.
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