Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rationale, design and methods of the <i>Cul-CM</i> study: a protocol for cultural adaptation of contingency management in adults with stimulant use disorder.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

The contribution of psychotherapy in potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics for treatment of opioid use disorder.

Current addiction reports·2026
Same author

Widespread synaptic density loss in schizophrenia follows molecular and network architecture.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and dopamine 2/3 receptors availability in people with cocaine use disorder: A [<sup>11</sup>C]PHNO PET study.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same author

Reversible alterations of brain acetate metabolism associated with alcohol consumption.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between opioid exposure and dopaminergic measures in humans assessed by nuclear medicine imaging.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
09:29

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

Contingency Management for Stimulant-Opioid Co-Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Oluwole O Jegede, Henrique N P Oliva, Tiago P Prudente

    Journal of Addiction Medicine
    |May 11, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Contingency management effectively increases abstinence duration and negative toxicology for stimulant-opioid co-use. However, research is needed on fentanyl due to the ongoing synthetic opioid epidemic.

    Keywords:
    contingency managementmeta-analysisopioid use disorderstimulant use disordersubstance use disorder

    More Related Videos

    A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
    09:16

    A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

    Published on: January 22, 2016

    A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
    06:11

    A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

    Published on: February 20, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 12, 2026

    Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
    09:29

    Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

    Published on: August 4, 2022

    A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
    09:16

    A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

    Published on: January 22, 2016

    A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
    06:11

    A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

    Published on: February 20, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Addiction Medicine
    • Psychopharmacology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Stimulant-opioid co-use presents complex treatment challenges.
    • Effective interventions are crucial for managing concurrent substance use disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To meta-analyze treatment outcomes of contingency management for stimulant-opioid co-use.
    • To assess the impact of contingency management on abstinence, toxicology, and retention.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic search of multiple databases (Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science).
    • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating contingency management.
    • Random-effects meta-analyses following PRISMA guidelines.

    Main Results:

    • Contingency management significantly increased continuous abstinence duration (1.42 weeks).
    • Improved rates of negative stimulant-opioid urine toxicology samples (OR=2.46).
    • No overall difference in treatment retention, but improved retention in subgroups without medication for opioid use disorder.

    Conclusions:

    • Contingency management is effective for improving abstinence in stimulant-opioid co-use.
    • Urgent need for research on fentanyl-related co-use due to the synthetic opioid crisis.