Xerostomia as an oral-systemic indicator: Etiology, diagnostic strategies and multimodal management approaches

Xerostomia of the oral cavity reflects multifaceted problems in salivary gland functions with implications for oral and systemic health. The various etiological elements range from disease-related glandular damage, therapeutic interventions and an extensive spectrum of medications with xerogenic potential. Complications such as caries incidence, periodontal issues and prosthetic instability emphasize timely clinical assessment and targeted management. This review synthesizes current evidence on etiology, disease and medication- induced xerostomia. It is also associated with oral health challenges, assessment strategies and preventive education. Awareness, understanding and addressing xerostomia comprehensively can mitigate morbidity, preserve oral function and enhance quality of life.