AI-assisted digital tooth arrangement system for esthetic optimization in virtual dentures

Artificial tooth arrangement in complete dentures is a subjective and time-consuming process largely dependent on operator experience. An artificial intelligence-aided digital tooth arrangement system using a convolutional neural network trained on 2,500 clinically validated denture cases was developed and evaluated. Forty edentulous patient datasets were arranged using both AI-assisted and conventional digital workflows and assessed by prosthodontists and lay evaluators. The AI system significantly reduced arrangement time and achieved equal or superior esthetic scores in parameters such as midline accuracy and proportional harmony, while lay attractiveness ratings were comparable. Thus, we show that AI-assisted tooth arrangement offers an efficient, reliable and esthetically predictable approach for standardizing digital complete denture design.