Morphometric and radiological analysis of bicipital groove in adults for shoulder surgery

Bicipital groove variations contribute to biceps tendon pathology, yet morphometric-radiological correlations remain underexplored. Therefore, it is of interest to measure length, width, depth and medial wall angle in 160 adult proximal humeri (80 dry bones, 80 CT scans). Groove depth positively correlated with medial wall angle (p<0.001); 18% showed shallow groove (<4 mm) predisposing to instability, with sexual dimorphism across dimensions. Shallow sulcus and reduced medial wall angle emerged as key subluxation risk factors. Findings advance preoperative imaging protocols for shoulder arthroplasty and cuff repair by establishing precise morphometric thresholds.