Assessment of risk factors associated with common chronic diseases in an adult population

Chronic diseases remain the leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality, largely driven by modifiable risk factors. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the prevalence and clustering of major chronic disease risk factors among 1,248 adults aged 25-74 years attending primary healthcare centers between March 2022 and August 2024. Demographic, behavioral, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed across cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory disease and chronic kidney disease. Physical inactivity (68.4%), overweight/obesity (61.2%) and dyslipidemia (54.8%) were the most prevalent risk factors, with significant clustering among individuals with established chronic conditions. Obesity, hypertension, smoking and physical inactivity independently predicted chronic disease presence, underscoring the need for integrated lifestyle-focused prevention and early intervention strategies.