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Risk factors for BPD and relevant nursing models of care to improve outcomes: a narrative review

Fangfang Lei1, Jie Xiang1, Xuemei Guo2

  • 1Department of Obstetric Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 11, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious chronic lung disease in premature infants, more common with earlier births. This review details BPD risk factors and key nursing care strategies for affected infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nursing Research

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent chronic respiratory condition in preterm infants.
  • BPD significantly impacts infant survival and long-term health-related quality of life.
  • Incidence of BPD correlates inversely with gestational age at birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review high-risk factors contributing to the development of BPD in premature infants.
  • To outline essential nursing interventions for managing infants diagnosed with BPD.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review methodology was employed.
  • Literature search focused on identifying risk factors and nursing care strategies for BPD.

Main Results:

  • Preterm infants, particularly those born at earlier gestational ages, face a higher risk of BPD.
  • Specific risk factors identified contribute to BPD development.
  • Key nursing interventions are crucial for managing BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding BPD risk factors is vital for prevention and early detection.
  • Effective nursing interventions can improve outcomes for infants with BPD.
  • Further research into BPD management and prevention is warranted.

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD)clinical outcomesnursing carepreterm infantsrisk factors

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