Anaphylaxis Management in Acute Care Settings: A Review Based on UK Guidelines

Anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, requires immediate recognition and management within acute care settings. This article reviews current guidelines and practices for anaphylaxis management in the UK, synthesizing evidence from various sources, including the UK Resuscitation Council (2020), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidelines (2021), and British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) Guidelines (2016), to highlight key recommendations and areas for improvement. The review begins with an overview of the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, emphasizing the importance of early identification and the initiation of treatment. Current UK guidelines advocate for a systematic approach that includes the immediate use of intramuscular adrenaline as first-line therapy, alongside adjunctive measures such as positioning and airway management. The role of secondary interventions, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, is also discussed concerning their efficacy and timing. Furthermore, the article addresses the importance of post-anaphylaxis care, including monitoring, patient education, and the provision of adrenaline auto-injectors. Barriers to effective management, such as gaps in clinician training and public awareness, are examined, providing suggestions for enhancing education and readiness. This review underscores the need for a comprehensive and unified approach to anaphylaxis management in acute care, aligning clinical practices with established guidelines to improve patient outcomes. Enhanced awareness and training for healthcare professionals, alongside community engagement, are crucial to minimizing morbidity and mortality associated with anaphylaxis in the UK.