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Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (AML-M5) Presenting As Tonsillar Hypertrophy: An Unusual ENT Presentation
Nour El Houda Fakhri1, Karima Ryouni2, El Alaoui Mounia2
1Pediatrics, Hôpital Mère-Enfant Abderrahim Harouchi, Casablanca, MAR.
Cureus
|May 11, 2026
Summary
A nine-year-old boy with Down syndrome presented with severe obstructive sleep apnea due to tonsillar hypertrophy. This was found to be acute monoblastic leukemia (AML-M5), highlighting the need for vigilance in pediatric cases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Hematology
- Oncology
- Otorhinolaryngology
Background:
- Acute monoblastic leukemia (AML-M5) is a rare pediatric leukemia.
- Extramedullary involvement, such as tonsillar hypertrophy, can be an initial presentation.
- Children with Down syndrome have an increased risk of leukemia.
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