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Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...

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Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

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Toward an NGF-based therapy for Rett syndrome.

Giulia Borgonovo¹, Alexia Tiberi¹, Simona Capsoni^1,2

¹Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|May 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) shows promise for Rett syndrome (RTT) treatment. Intranasal NGF variants improved RTT mouse models

Keywords:

Rett syndrome intranasal treatment microglia mitochondria nerve growth factor (NGF)

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An Optogenetic Approach for Assessing Formation of Neuronal Connections in a Co-culture System

An Optogenetic Approach for Assessing Formation of Neuronal Connections in a Co-culture System

Published on: February 17, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Pharmacology

Background:

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder linked to MECP2 gene mutations.
Current treatments offer limited relief, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) exhibits neurotrophic and immunomodulatory potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To review Rett syndrome and the role of growth factors.
To highlight evidence for NGF-based therapies in RTT models.
To analyze intranasal NGF administration in Mecp2-mutant mice.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on RTT and NGF.
Analysis of two studies using intranasal recombinant human NGF (rhNGF) and a modified variant (hNGFp) in Mecp2-mutant mice.
Evaluation of behavioral, mitochondrial, and neuroinflammatory outcomes.

Main Results:

Both rhNGF and hNGFp improved cognitive and motor symptoms in RTT mice.
rhNGF primarily restored mitochondrial function; hNGFp modulated neuroinflammation via microglia.
Intranasal administration was effective, safe, and enhanced translational potential.

Conclusions:

NGF-based strategies show therapeutic potential for RTT.
NGF may act via dual mechanisms: supporting energy homeostasis and regulating immune responses.
Intranasal delivery offers a promising route for NGF therapy in RTT.