Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026

10:10
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Published on: July 5, 2011
Coracoid bending for refractory anterior upper arm pain after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Naoko Mizuno1, Yuki Kotani1, Shigeto Nakagawa2
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques
|May 11, 2026
Abstract
No abstract available in PubMed .
Keywords:
Anterior upper arm painConjoint tendonCoracoid bendingCoracoid processHumeral distalizationReverse total shoulder arthroplastyMore Related Videos
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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