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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization
08:06

The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 18, 2024

Association Between Post-Trigger Hormones and In Vitro Fertilization Cycle Outcomes.

Olivia B Chafitz1, Anat Chemerinski1, Swata Gade1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-trigger progesterone levels may be linked to lower oocyte recovery rates in ovarian stimulation cycles. Estradiol levels after trigger did not show a significant association with cycle outcomes. This finding suggests a potential, albeit small, impact of progesterone.

Keywords:
Assisted reproductive techniquesEstradiolInfertilityOvarian stimulationProgesterone

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
  • Ovarian Stimulation Protocols

Background:

  • While pre-trigger hormone levels are studied, post-trigger hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone) and their association with IVF cycle outcomes remain less understood.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for optimizing ovarian stimulation protocols and improving IVF success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum estradiol and progesterone levels on the day after oocyte maturation trigger and key ovarian stimulation cycle outcomes.
  • To determine if post-trigger hormone levels can predict oocyte recovery, maturity, fertilization, and blastulation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study including 320 ovarian stimulation cycles using gonadotropins (September 2018 - September 2020).
  • Data collected via chart review included demographics, cycle/trigger type, pre- and post-trigger hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone), and cycle outcomes.
  • Primary outcomes assessed: oocyte recovery, maturity, fertilization, and blastulation rates.

Main Results:

  • Post-trigger progesterone levels were associated with a poor oocyte recovery rate.
  • No significant association was found between post-trigger progesterone levels and oocyte maturity, fertilization, or blastulation rates.
  • Post-trigger estradiol levels did not demonstrate any association with oocyte recovery, maturity, fertilization, or blastulation rates.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence that post-trigger progesterone levels may have a small but potentially meaningful association with poor oocyte recovery.
  • Estradiol levels measured the day after trigger do not appear to be associated with the assessed oocyte stimulation cycle outcomes.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the clinical significance of post-trigger progesterone in IVF cycles.