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Closed-loop model of mindfulness-based psychological regulation in competitive performance
Daliang Zhao1,2
1School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Frontiers in Psychology
|May 11, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a closed-loop model for mindfulness-based psychological regulation in athletes. It explains how athletes maintain focus and performance under pressure using a hierarchical framework for real-time recalibration.
Area of Science:
- Sport Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Mindfulness Studies
Background:
- Lack of real-time mechanism accounts in competitive sport.
- Need for understanding psychological regulation under pressure.
- Integration of Chan Buddhism principles.
Purpose of the Study:
- Propose a process-based, closed-loop model of mindfulness-based psychological regulation.
- Explain athlete functional operation and attentional stability under pressure.
- Address the gap in real-time mechanism understanding in sports.
Main Methods:
- Constructed a hierarchical regulatory framework.
- Integrated evidence from sport psychology and cognitive science.
- Utilized functional principles of Chan Buddhism.
Main Results:
- Established a hierarchical system with attentional control as the proximal performance mechanism.
- Identified mental proliferation as a disruptive core mechanism.
- Integrated four functional dimensions across four phases of proliferation, coordinated by a Reference Chain for recalibration.
Conclusions:
- Shifted sport mindfulness research towards process-level understanding.
- Provided a theoretically integrative and empirically tractable foundation.
- Aimed to enhance performance stability in high-pressure competitive environments.
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