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  3. Active Particles In Tunable Compressible Environments.
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  3. Active Particles In Tunable Compressible Environments.

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Active Particles in Tunable Compressible Environments.

Venkata Manikantha Sai Ganesh Tanuku1, Isha Malhotra2, Lorenzo Caprini2,3

  • 1Institute of Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany.

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|May 11, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows how electric fields control active particles and their environment. Adjusting the field tunes particle speed and environmental stiffness, leading to unique chiral active motion and self-sustained reorientations.

Keywords:
active Brownian motionactive mattermicroswimmers

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Systems
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Active particles interact with and influence their surrounding environment.
  • The interplay between active particle dynamics and environmental properties is complex and bidirectional.
  • Controlling both active particle behavior and environmental mechanics simultaneously is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an experimental system for in situ simultaneous control of active particles and their environment.
  • To investigate the effects of tunable environmental stiffness and particle activity on particle trajectories.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind emergent chiral active motion and self-sustained reorientations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 2D bath of colloidal silica particles as the environment and gold-coated Janus spheres as active particles.
  • Employed an external AC electric field applied orthogonally to the planar layer to tune system parameters.
  • Analyzed active particle trajectories, focusing on rotational motion, reorientation frequency, and speed.

    • Main Results:

    • Increasing electric field strength enhanced environmental stiffness and active particle speed.
    • Active trajectories showed increased rotational motion with higher particle speeds.
    • Observed emergent chiral active motion and demonstrated self-sustained reorientations driven by local compressions and interaction asymmetries.

    Conclusions:

    • The mechanical properties of the environment can be dynamically tuned to reshape active trajectories.
    • Local compressions and interaction asymmetries provide a general particle-level mechanism for self-sustained reorientations in active matter.
    • This work establishes a framework for studying the coupled dynamics of active particles and their tunable environments.