A simple and cost-effective detection of capsule origin source using FTIR-ATR.
Radhiahtul Raehan Mustafa1, Mohammad Naqib Hamdan1, Siti Nur Hadis A Rahman1
1Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Academy of Islamic Civilisation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310 Johor, Johor Bahru Malaysia.
Journal of Food Science and Technology
|May 11, 2026
Summary
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) can rapidly detect porcine-derived materials in gelatin capsules. This method aids in ensuring halal compliance for pharmaceuticals and food products.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Food Science
Background:
- Undeclared ingredients in food and pharmaceuticals pose risks to consumers and regulatory bodies.
- Growing demand for halal-certified products necessitates reliable methods for identifying porcine-derived materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the efficacy of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy combined with discriminant analysis for detecting porcine components in gelatin capsules.
- To provide a rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective method for halal authentication in pharmaceutical products.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 13 gelatin capsule samples using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy.
- Application of discriminant analysis to differentiate between porcine and non-porcine derived components based on spectral data.
- Identification of characteristic functional groups (amino, carbonyl) and spectral differences in specific wavenumber ranges.
Main Results:
- FTIR-ATR successfully differentiated between porcine and non-porcine derived gelatin components in the analyzed samples.
- Subtle spectral differences were observed between 3600-3000 cm⁻¹ and 1700-1000 cm⁻¹, enabling discrimination.
- The integrated approach demonstrated robustness in authenticating capsule origin.
Conclusions:
- FTIR-ATR spectroscopy coupled with discriminant analysis is a reliable method for identifying porcine-derived materials in gelatin capsules.
- This technique offers a valuable tool for halal detection and authentication in pharmaceutical and food products.
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