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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Non-Diarrheal Celiac Disease in Iraq: A Multicenter study.

Abdullah Zuhair Alyouzbaki1, Ahmed Abdul Hussein Alhilly2, Samar Saad Abdulhussein3

  • 1College of Medicine, University of Mosul, MRCP, CABM GI&H, Iraq.

Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Non-diarrheal celiac disease (NDCD) often presents without classic symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis in Iraq. This study highlights key clinical features and diagnostic approaches for identifying NDCD in this population.

Keywords:
AnemiaCeliac diseaseGluten sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Non-diarrheal celiac disease (NDCD) is increasingly recognized but often underdiagnosed in Iraq due to atypical presentations.
  • Classical celiac disease symptoms are often absent, complicating early identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the clinical features of NDCD patients in Iraq.
  • To identify relevant investigations for diagnosing NDCD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 117 NDCD cases across Iraq.
  • Evaluation of symptoms, serology, endoscopy, and histopathology.
  • Exclusion of patients with classical diarrhea.

Main Results:

  • NDCD predominantly affects young women (77%) and those with normal to obese BMI.
  • Diagnosis is often delayed over a year, with epigastric pain (78.6%) and anemia (86.3%) being common symptoms.
  • Gastroscopy identified suspected celiac disease in 84.6%, with 94% showing suggestive endoscopic and 75% Marsh grade 3 histopathological features.

Conclusions:

  • NDCD is prevalent in young, normal-weight to obese females, often presenting with non-classical symptoms like epigastric pain and anemia.
  • Delayed diagnosis is common, exceeding one year, underscoring the need for increased awareness.
  • Gastroscopy and duodenal biopsies are crucial for diagnosis, revealing advanced histopathological changes in most NDCD patients.