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Determinants of Bronchiectasis Among Patients Attending Chest Clinic of Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia: Case-Control
Belay Shewaye Mola1, Mengesha Akale Tekle2, Wubshet Abraham Alemu2
1Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background:
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by cough and purulent sputum, recurrent infections, and airway damage. It affects people of all ages and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.
Objectives And Methods:
A case-control study was conducted to assess factors associated with bronchiectasis. Each patient with HRCT-confirmed bronchiectasis who visited the chest clinic was selected as a case, whereas age- and sex-matched patients without bronchiectasis were selected as controls. Data was collected using a chart review and questionnaire from April 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. Then, data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics of the data. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were done to establish associations for variables.
Results:
The study included 77 cases and 153 controls, with 49.35% of the cases and 33.99% of the controls being between the ages of 41 and 60. After adjusting for potential confounders, a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that four variables were independent predictors of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis was six times more likely to occur in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR = 6.182; 95% CI (3.16-12.10), p < 0.001). COPD (AOR = 2.896; 95% CI = 1.460-5.746, p = 0.002), bronchial asthma (AOR = 2.124; 95% CI = 1.086-4.154, p = 0.028), and COVID-19 (AOR = 2.786; 95% CI = 1.454-5.340, p = 0.002) also increased the risk of bronchiectasis by more than twofold. There was no significant association between bronchiectasis and age, sex, or smoking history.
Conclusion And Recommendations:
Pulmonary tuberculosis, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma are associated with the development of bronchiectasis. Attention should be given to early identification of bronchiectasis among patients with these lung diseases.
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