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Bioplastics

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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

Embedding Chemistry and Pharmacy Into Sustainability.

Klaus Kümmerer¹

¹Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 11, 2026

Summary

Green, circular, and sustainable chemistry and pharmacy are distinct but related concepts. Understanding their interplay is crucial for embedding these fields into genuine sustainability efforts for a better future.

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Area of Science:

* Integrates concepts from chemistry and pharmacy.
* Focuses on environmental science and sustainability.

Background:

* Chemistry and pharmacy are vital for modern living, involving substance transformation.
* Both fields face sustainability challenges, adopting principles like environmental friendliness and circular economy.
* The terms "green" and "sustainable" are often conflated, necessitating clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

* To provide an integrated overview of green, circular, and sustainable chemistry and pharmacy.
* To clarify the distinct applications and interrelationships between these concepts.
* To guide chemistry and pharmacy in making meaningful sustainability contributions.

Main Methods:

* Literature review and conceptual analysis.
* Comparative analysis of green, circular, and sustainable approaches.
* Synthesis of existing knowledge on sustainability in chemistry and pharmacy.

Main Results:

* Green and circular chemistry/pharmacy are essential tools but do not encompass the full scope of sustainability.
* Sustainability in chemistry and pharmacy requires deeper integration beyond mere association.
* Distinguishing between "green," "circular," and "sustainable" is key to effective implementation.

Conclusions:

* Chemistry and pharmacy must be fundamentally embedded within sustainability frameworks.
* A nuanced understanding of green, circular, and sustainable principles is necessary for impactful contributions.
* Moving beyond superficial adoption to true integration ensures these fields support genuine, long-term sustainability.