Enhanced Crystallinity with Disappeared Pb⁰-Related Defects Resulted from Optimal Chain Length Alkylamine for...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Renewable Energy

Background:

• Controllable crystallization of perovskite films is crucial for high-performance solar cells.
• Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) face challenges in achieving high efficiency and stability due to crystallization defects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the use of alkylamines as small-molecule additives for controlling perovskite crystallization.
• To identify an optimal alkylamine additive for enhancing PSC performance and stability.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical calculations of electrostatic potential, electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, and free-radical index for various alkylamines.
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze defect densities in perovskite films.
• Fabrication and characterization of modified perovskite solar cells.

Main Results:

• Pentylamine demonstrated optimal nucleophilicity and stability for perovskite crystallization control.
• XPS analysis confirmed the reduction of Pb0-related defects in pentylamine-modified films.
• Perovskite solar cells modified with pentylamine achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 23.43% and enhanced environmental stability.

Conclusions:

• Small-molecule additives, specifically pentylamine, are effective in addressing the challenge of controllable perovskite crystallization.
• Optimized crystallization through additive engineering significantly improves PSC performance and durability.
• This approach holds promise for the commercialization of stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.