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Depression, speech intelligibility, and articulatory coordination.

Carol Espy-Wilson1, Kavin Loganathan1, Nadee Seneviratne1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) does not reduce speech intelligibility, even with psychomotor slowing. Depressed speech is as intelligible as speech during remission, challenging previous assumptions.

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Published on: January 3, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is often associated with psychomotor slowing.
  • Previous research suggests depression may negatively impact speech production and intelligibility.
  • The relationship between MDD, articulatory coordination, and speech intelligibility requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on speech intelligibility.
  • To analyze the articulatory coordination in speech produced during severe depression versus remission.
  • To challenge the conventional view of poorly articulated speech in depressed individuals.

Main Methods:

  • 176 listeners rated the intelligibility of speech from 9 speakers in two states: severe depression and remission.
  • Speech intelligibility was assessed across three signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels: -2, 0, and +2 dB.
  • Acoustic and articulatory analyses quantified vocal tract variables and coordination patterns.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in overall speech intelligibility was found between depressed and remitted states.
  • Depressed speech exhibited simpler articulatory coordination, with reduced coarticulation and less target undershoot.
  • These findings challenge the notion that depression inherently leads to poor articulation.

Conclusions:

  • Speech intelligibility is maintained in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder, irrespective of psychomotor slowing.
  • Articulatory coordination in depressed speech is characterized by simplification rather than degradation.
  • This study reframes the understanding of speech production in the context of depression.