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Updated: May 12, 2026

An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
12:19

An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: March 11, 2018

The effect of internal jugular vein reflux on ischemic stroke with cerebral microbleeds: a prospective clinical study

Yibo He1,2, Jian Deng1,3, Yetao Lin1,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.

Annals of Medicine
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Internal jugular vein reflux (IJVR) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). This finding highlights IJVR as a potential target for preventing severe neurological deficits in stroke patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke combined with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) can worsen neurological deficits.
  • Identifying independent risk factors is crucial for stroke prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether internal jugular vein reflux (IJVR) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in patients with CMBs.
  • To evaluate the association between IJVR and the presence and severity of CMBs in ischemic stroke patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 71 ischemic stroke patients.
  • Patients underwent head MRI (SWI) and jugular vein ultrasound.
  • Univariate, multivariate, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IJVR and ischemic stroke with CMBs.

Main Results:

  • 31 patients had ischemic stroke with CMBs, and 40 had ischemic stroke without CMBs.
  • Higher prevalence of hypertension, IJVR, and elevated APTT and uric acid levels were observed in patients with CMBs.
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed IJVR as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke with CMBs (OR=7.56, 95% CI: 2.129-31.953, p=0.002).
  • Ischemic stroke with IJVR and CMBs, or ≥10 CMBs, showed significantly higher incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Internal jugular vein reflux (IJVR) is identified as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in patients with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs).
  • These findings suggest that IJVR assessment may be valuable in managing patients at risk of or experiencing ischemic stroke with CMBs.
Keywords:
Internal jugular vein refluxIschemic strokecerebral microbleedshypertensionrisk factors

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