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Cognitive processes underlying the repetition-based truth effect: A diffusion model study.

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  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg.

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|May 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repeated information is judged as more true due to the illusory truth effect, driven by perceptual and conceptual fluency. These effects decrease over time, with cognitive mechanisms like response bias and faster information processing playing key roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • The illusory truth effect describes the tendency to believe repeated information as true.
  • This effect is often linked to increased processing fluency (perceptual and conceptual).
  • The impact of retention intervals on the cognitive mechanisms of this effect is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the illusory truth effect.
  • To examine how retention intervals influence these mechanisms.
  • To differentiate the roles of perceptual and conceptual fluency in the truth effect.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using diffusion modeling to analyze response times and decision processes.
  • Experiment 1 manipulated statement repetition and retention interval (10 min vs. 1 week).
  • Experiment 2 used one-word answers to questions, separating reading and response times.

Main Results:

  • Repetition enhanced drift rate, reduced nondecision time, and increased truth bias, indicating contributions from both conceptual and perceptual fluency.
  • These repetition effects diminished significantly with longer retention intervals.
  • Repetition facilitated encoding (reduced reading times) and maintained response bias, with evidence suggesting information accumulation begins during question reading.

Conclusions:

  • The illusory truth effect arises from a combination of perceptual facilitation, response bias, and faster information accumulation.
  • These contributing factors operate at different stages of the decision-making process.
  • Retention intervals modulate the strength and manifestation of these cognitive mechanisms.