Aflatoxin Biocontrol Using Native Atoxigenic Aspergillus.

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Mycology
• Food Safety

Background:

• Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus section Flavi, contaminating crops like maize and groundnuts.
• Contamination poses significant risks to human and animal health, food security, and international trade, especially in tropical regions.
• While Aspergillus flavus causes most contamination, atoxigenic (non-toxin producing) strains exist within the species.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline pathways for developing, testing, registering, and scaling aflatoxin bioprotectants in African countries.
• To highlight the effectiveness of native atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates for preharvest biocontrol.
• To emphasize the need for multisectoral enabling environments for sustainable technology adoption.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing native atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates for biocontrol at the preharvest stage.
• Adapting and registering biocontrol technology using local fungal strains in various countries.
• Conducting farmer-led field trials and commercial usage assessments.

Main Results:

• Atoxigenic-based biocontrol has been successfully developed and registered in the US, several African nations, Italy, Pakistan, and Serbia.
• Native, competitive atoxigenic isolates are preferred for efficacy, acceptance, and regulatory ease.
• Treated crops consistently show over 80% reduction in aflatoxin levels compared to untreated crops.

Conclusions:

• Integrated management strategies, particularly preharvest biocontrol with native atoxigenic fungi, are effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination.
• Sustainable scaling of these bioprotectants requires supportive, multisectoral enabling environments.
• Successful implementation can significantly improve food safety in affected regions.