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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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Updated: May 13, 2026

Manipulation of Rhythmic Food Intake in Mice Using a Custom-Made Feeding System
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Published on: December 16, 2022

Circadian Alignment Through Time-Restricted Feeding: Implications for Health and Longevity.

Samantha E Iiams1, Nathan J Skinner1, Carla B Green1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;

Annual Review of Nutrition
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) aligns eating with the body clock, improving health in animal studies. Human results vary, requiring more research for effective application.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Published on: November 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Time-restricted feeding (TRF) synchronizes eating patterns with the body's natural circadian rhythms.
  • Preclinical studies demonstrate TRF's benefits across diverse species and conditions.
  • TRF enhances rhythmic gene expression, mitigates metabolic dysfunction, and reduces inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of TRF and its relationship with circadian rhythms.
  • To highlight recent advancements in TRF research.
  • To identify challenges in translating TRF findings to human populations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of preclinical and clinical research on time-restricted feeding.
  • Analysis of studies involving various species, diets, and intervention durations.
  • Examination of sex-specific responses to TRF.

Main Results:

  • TRF consistently enhances circadian rhythmicity and metabolic health in animal models.
  • Human outcomes show variability influenced by feeding window timing, duration, and individual factors.
  • Benefits observed in animals include improved gene expression, reduced inflammation, and lower disease risk, often without calorie reduction.

Conclusions:

  • TRF is a promising nonpharmacological strategy for health improvement by aligning behavior with circadian physiology.
  • Translating robust animal findings to humans requires addressing variability in intervention parameters and individual characteristics.
  • Further research is needed to optimize TRF protocols for diverse human populations.