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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

Introduction to Fibroblasts

Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by FcγRIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies
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Multivalent Antibody-Recruiters Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Innate Immune Killing.

Weiwei Mu1,2, Yong Chen1, Zifu Zhong1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.

Biomacromolecules
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalent antibody-recruiting molecules targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) were developed using a dextran scaffold. These molecules effectively recruit antibodies, leading to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) cell death.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), representing a key target for cancer therapy.
  • Antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs) offer a novel strategy to harness endogenous antibodies for targeted cell elimination, serving as an alternative to monoclonal antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize multivalent FAP-targeting ARMs for potential therapeutic applications in remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
  • To investigate the efficacy of small-molecule-based ARMs in recruiting antibodies and inducing cancer cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Conjugation of a FAP-targeting ligand (FAPL) and a hapten (dinitrophenol, DNP) onto a dextran scaffold to create multivalent display.
  • In vitro assessment of antibody recruitment, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of FAP-expressing cells.

Main Results:

  • Monovalent FAP-targeting conjugates failed to recruit antibodies due to steric hindrance.
  • Dextran-based multivalent ARMs successfully recruited anti-DNP antibodies.
  • These multivalent ARMs induced significant CDC and ADCP of FAP-expressing cells in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Multivalent macromolecular scaffolds are effective in enabling small-molecule-mediated antibody recruitment to noninternalizing targets like FAP.
  • Dextran-based FAP-targeting ARMs demonstrate potential for therapeutic tumor stroma remodeling by inducing cancer cell death.