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Updated: May 13, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Giant Cell Arteritis.

Tanaz A Kermani1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis is a relapsing large-vessel vasculitis common in older adults. Prompt treatment can prevent vision loss, and new therapies offer effective glucocorticoid-sparing options.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a prevalent large-vessel vasculitis impacting individuals aged 50 and above.
  • It primarily affects the aorta and its branches, posing risks of serious complications.
  • Vision loss, occurring in 18% of patients, is a preventable outcome with timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of giant cell arteritis, including its presentation, complications, and management.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in preventing vision loss.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic options for GCA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on giant cell arteritis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical outcomes.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of different treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis in individuals over 50.
  • Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial for preventing vision loss.
  • Glucocorticoids are effective but associated with high relapse rates (nearly 50%).
  • Tocilizumab and upadacitinib demonstrate efficacy as glucocorticoid-sparing agents.
  • Long-term monitoring for aortic aneurysms is necessary, even post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Giant cell arteritis requires vigilant management due to its potential for severe complications.
  • Effective glucocorticoid-sparing therapies are available, improving patient outcomes.
  • Ongoing surveillance for late complications like aortic aneurysms is essential for patient care.