Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regulating Li-Ion Transport via Solvent and Ion Clustering Using Ternary Salts in Nonfluorinated Solvents for Extended Cyclability of Zero-Excess Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Using machine learning to identify individuals at elevated risk of diabetes from low-cost complete blood count data for opportunistic screening.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Towards clinical-level interpretation of dental panoramic radiography using an instance-guided vision-language model.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

Redox Chemistry Enables Excellent Capacity and Ultra Long Life Aqueous Ammonium Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

EZH2 deficiency suppresses colorectal cancer progression by inhibiting the mismatch repair pathway and consequently reducing extrachromosomal circular DNA formation.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

W<sub>1</sub>/TiO<sub>2-</sub> <sub>x</sub> Enabled Photoelectrochemical Tandem Upgrading of Glycerol to Nucleoside Precursors.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Reassessing the Proposed Creatine-PrP Axis in Endometriosis: Methodological and Mechanistic Considerations.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

IL-7R-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles From the Thymus Drive Colitis via Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Oral Prebiotic Polysaccharide Hydrogels Sustaining Colon Antibody Release Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Systematic Phosphorus-Driven Structural and Field Engineering of n-a-Si:H for Flexible n-a-Si:H/Te Near-Infrared Photodetectors.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Chemically Gradient Ordered Nanodomains Enable Large Tensile Ductility in Gigapascal Lightweight Refractory High-Entropy Alloys.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Single-Molecule Characterization of Bacterial Factor-Dependent Transcription Activation by Rob.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Carboxyphenolate Coordination Frameworks for High-Voltage Calcium Storage.

Vasudeva Rao Bakuru1, Darsi Rambabu1, Xiaodong Lin1

  • 1Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new amorphous organic positive electrode materials for calcium-ion batteries. These materials operate at high voltages, offering improved energy storage and stability for next-generation batteries.

Keywords:
calcium‐ion storagecoordination frameworkdivalent cation electrodeshigh‐voltageorganic positive electrode

More Related Videos

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Calcium-ion batteries are promising for next-generation energy storage due to high theoretical energy density and abundant calcium.
  • Designing high-voltage positive electrodes for Ca-ion systems is challenging due to synthesis difficulties and limited Ca2+ diffusion caused by its high polarizing power.
  • Flexible or disordered frameworks are needed to facilitate calcium-ion mobility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate conjugated carboxyphenolate coordination frameworks as amorphous organic positive electrode materials for high-voltage Ca-ion batteries.
  • To understand the influence of amorphous disorder, redox activity, and spectator-cation effects on electrode performance.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical performance and long-term stability of these novel materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of amorphous conjugated carboxyphenolate coordination frameworks (Ca2-M-THBPD).
  • Electrochemical testing of Ca2-M-THBPD as positive electrodes in Ca-ion cells.
  • Analysis of ion-storage characteristics, including voltage, capacity, Coulombic efficiency, and cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • Ca2-M-THBPD materials operate above 3.5 V vs. Ca2+/Ca with a median discharge voltage of 3.55 V.
  • The electrodes exhibit low hysteresis and polarization, attributed to amorphous disorder, enolate-quinone redox activity, and spectator-cation effects.
  • A discharge capacity of 120 mAh g-1 and 99.8% Coulombic efficiency were achieved, with 75% capacity retention after 200 cycles at C/20.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced-state conjugated carboxyphenolate frameworks are effective active materials for high-voltage divalent cation storage.
  • Framework flexibility and spectator cations significantly influence redox potential and long-term stability in Ca-ion batteries.
  • This work advances the development of advanced materials for high-performance Ca-ion energy storage systems.