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A Label-free Technique for the Spatio-temporal Imaging of Single Cell Secretions
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Quantifying nanoplastic cellular interactions and uptake pathways by label-free plasmonic imaging.

Yachong Zhao1, Peng Lin2, Peiqi Cao1

  • 1Jinan Chengquan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study used label-free surface plasmon resonance microscopy to analyze how nanoplastics interact with cells. It revealed that active internalization is the primary pathway for nanoplastic uptake by cells.

Keywords:
Endocytosis pathwaysLabel-free imagingNanoplasticsSingle-cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoplastics are prevalent environmental contaminants.
  • Understanding nanoplastic cellular interactions is crucial but challenging, especially without labels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze nanoplastic-cell interactions in real-time using a label-free method.
  • To determine the specific cellular uptake pathways for nanoplastics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) for label-free, real-time, single-cell analysis.
  • Employed 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles and HEK293 cells as a model system.

Main Results:

  • Quantified nanoplastic association with cells: 8.47% surface adsorption, 5.95% passive uptake, and 85.58% active internalization.
  • Identified active internalization pathways: clathrin-mediated (44.35%), caveolae-mediated (46.26%), and macropinocytosis-mediated (9.39%).

Conclusions:

  • SPRM is an effective label-free platform for quantitative analysis of nanoplastic-cell interactions.
  • Active internalization is the dominant nanoplastic uptake mechanism in the studied model system.