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Oral reference doses (RfDs) for sodium tungstate dihydrate.

Bernard Gadagbui¹, Michael Dourson¹, Ranulfo Lemus²

¹Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA), Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP

|May 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New reference doses (RfDs) for sodium tungstate dihydrate (ST) were established for subchronic and chronic exposures. These findings inform risk assessments for tungsten (W) and potential environmental exposure levels.

Keywords:

BMDL10 Reference dose Regional screening levels Toxicity Tungstate Tungsten Wolfram

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Area of Science:

Toxicology and Environmental Health
Chemical Risk Assessment
Occupational Health

Background:

Sodium tungstate dihydrate (ST) is a chemical compound requiring toxicological evaluation.
Previous risk assessments may not fully incorporate recent study findings.
Establishing clear reference doses (RfDs) is crucial for public health protection.

Purpose of the Study:

To derive subchronic and chronic (lifetime) reference doses (RfDs) for sodium tungstate dihydrate (ST).
To calculate equivalent tungsten (W) RfDs based on ST exposure.
To assess the carcinogenic potential of ST and determine appropriate dose-response models.

Main Methods:

Utilized model selection procedures consistent with EPA (2012) guidelines.
Analyzed data from a recent chronic study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP, 2021).
Derived RfDs for ST and equivalent tungsten (W) for subchronic and chronic exposures.
Evaluated carcinogenic potential and dose-response relationships based on EPA (2005) guidance.

Main Results:

Derived a subchronic RfD for ST of 0.2 mg/kg-day and a chronic RfD of 0.02 mg/kg-day.
Equivalent tungsten (W) RfDs are 0.1 mg/kg-day (subchronic) and 0.01 mg/kg-day (chronic).
ST shows suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential or is not likely to be carcinogenic; linear dose-response is unreasonable.
Estimated regional screening levels (RSLs) for children: 780 mg/kg in soil and 200 μg/L in tap water.

Conclusions:

Established new, scientifically-grounded RfDs for ST and tungsten (W) for different exposure durations.
The derived RfDs and RSLs provide critical data for environmental and health risk assessments.
Findings guide regulatory decisions regarding safe exposure limits for sodium tungstate dihydrate.