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Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Production of Antibiotics01:27

Production of Antibiotics

Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Repurposing Birabresib to target Gram‑positive bacteria.

Hazera Khatun Koly1,2,3, Roha Razzaq1,3, Tahmina Hossain1

  • 1Department of Biology and Microbiology; South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.

Npj Antimicrobials and Resistance
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered Birabresib, a novel antimicrobial agent, by screening for molecules that hyperactivate bacterial ClpP protease. This compound effectively inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and shows synergy with rifampicin.

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Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay
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Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay

Published on: May 5, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay
10:00

Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay

Published on: May 5, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, necessitating novel antimicrobial agents.
  • Conventional antibiotics target essential cellular processes, but few new drugs in these classes have emerged.
  • An alternative strategy involves identifying compounds that induce bacterial cell death through novel mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel antimicrobial compounds by targeting bacterial proteases.
  • To explore the potential of hyperactivating the ClpP protease for antibacterial activity.
  • To evaluate Birabresib as a potential antimicrobial agent.

Main Methods:

  • In silico screening using molecular docking and structural chemistry.
  • Evaluation of binding affinity and pharmacokinetic parameters.
  • In vitro testing of Birabresib against Gram-positive bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Birabresib was identified as a promising candidate through in silico screening.
  • Birabresib demonstrated effective inhibition of Gram-positive bacterial growth.
  • Birabresib showed synergistic effects when combined with rifampicin.
  • Limited cytotoxicity was observed in the tested human cell line.

Conclusions:

  • Birabresib represents a novel antimicrobial strategy targeting bacterial ClpP protease.
  • The compound shows potential for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections.
  • Further investigation into Birabresib's efficacy and safety is warranted.