Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026
12:18
Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Published on: February 9, 2011
Risk of Infective Endocarditis in Pediatric Staphylococcal Bacteremia: A 20-Year Cohort Study
Apisara Pakotiprapha1, Paweena Chungsomprasong, Chodchanok Vijarnsorn
1From the Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|May 12, 2026
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis (SAE) affects 8.8% of pediatric S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) cases. Congenital heart disease, malnutrition, and persistent bacteremia are key predictors, aiding early risk identification in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
- Clinical Microbiology
Background:
- Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis (SAE) prevalence in pediatric S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) is variable and less understood than in adults.
- Early identification of SAE risk factors in children is crucial for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of SAE in pediatric patients with SAB.
- To identify clinical risk factors associated with SAE in this population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients (0-18 years) with SAB from 2003-2023.
- Diagnosis of SAE based on modified Duke criteria and 2023 ESC guidelines.
- Statistical analysis to identify associated clinical risk factors.
Main Results:
- SAE was diagnosed in 8.8% (15/171) of pediatric SAB cases.
- Congenital heart disease (P=0.02), protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) (P=0.04), and >2 positive blood cultures (P=0.001) were significant risk factors.
- Immunocompromised status showed a reduced risk (P<0.001); both SAB and SAE correlated with longer hospitalization and higher mortality.
Conclusions:
- SAE occurs in 8.8% of pediatric SAB cases, with specific clinical predictors identified.
- Congenital heart disease, PEM, and persistent bacteremia are key predictors for SAE in children.
- These factors can guide early risk assessment and management decisions, especially when echocardiography is limited.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Endocarditis I: Introduction
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
01:25Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
01:18Endocarditis III: Medical Management
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
01:29Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
01:29Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...