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Related Concept Videos

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

High-Entropy Catalyst Activated Molecular Oxygen for Oxidative Coupling Under Ambient Conditions.

Run-Long Qi1, Zhen Guo2, Yifan Li1

  • 1College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High-entropy sulfide nanocrystals activate oxygen spontaneously for sustainable oxidative coupling reactions. This novel approach avoids external energy input, enabling efficient pharmaceutical synthesis with high yields and stability.

Keywords:
high‐entropy catalystsoxidative coupling reactionoxygen activation

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Published on: October 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Molecular oxygen (O2) activation is crucial for oxidative coupling reactions.
  • Conventional methods require external energy, limiting sustainability.
  • Developing energy-efficient O2 activation is essential for green chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate spontaneous O2 activation using novel catalysts.
  • To drive oxidative coupling reactions under ambient conditions without external energy.
  • To explore the potential for sustainable pharmaceutical synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of multielement synergistic nonnoble high-entropy sulfide nanocrystals (HESNCs).
  • Investigation of spontaneous O2 activation and superoxide radical (•O2-) generation.
  • Application of HESNCs in diverse oxidative coupling reactions (S-N, C-S, C-N).
  • Experimental and computational analyses of catalytic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • HESNCs with lattice distortions enabled spontaneous O2 activation at ambient conditions.
  • Superoxide radicals (•O2-) were generated, driving S-N, C-S, and C-N coupling reactions.
  • High catalytic activity and exceptional stability (>300 days) were achieved.
  • Pharmaceutical synthesis yielded >90% yields, scalable to mol-scale production.

Conclusions:

  • HESNCs offer a sustainable pathway for O2 activation and oxidative coupling.
  • The developed protocol is field-free and energy-efficient, suitable for industrial applications.
  • A new paradigm of "electron donor-assisted high-entropy catalysts (HECs)-mediated" ambient O2 activation was established.