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Updated: May 13, 2026

Detection of Human Leukocyte Antigen Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Utilizing Label-free Biosensor Technology
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SPECTRAL: An Intelligent and Ultra-Sensitive Photonic Hydrogel Platform for Biomarker-Based Cancer Prediction.

Junjie Qin1,2, Xingxing Yang3,4, Jia Guo5

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new biosensing platform, SPECTRAL, enables rapid, sequencing-free cancer detection using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). It achieves high accuracy for multiple cancer types within 100 minutes, paving the way for decentralized diagnostics.

Keywords:
early cancer predictionmachine learningpeptide nucleic acidphotonic crystal hydrogelpoint‐of‐care

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Background:

  • Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for noninvasive cancer diagnostics.
  • Challenges in ctDNA detection include low abundance and complex workflows, hindering point-of-care applications.
  • Existing methods often require extensive sample processing and specialized equipment, limiting accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, sequencing-free point-of-care (POC) biosensing platform for efficient and accurate cancer diagnostics.
  • To integrate advanced technologies like photonic-crystal hydrogels and machine learning for enhanced ctDNA analysis.
  • To enable simultaneous detection of multiple ctDNA mutations and protein biomarkers for comprehensive cancer profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the SPECTRAL platform, combining photonic-crystal hydrogels with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes.
  • Utilizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with photonic-crystal-enhanced fluorescence for signal amplification.
  • Employing machine learning (ML) for automated PNA sensor library generation and multimodal signal analysis for cancer classification.
  • Validation using patient plasma samples for lung, breast, and colorectal cancer detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a ctDNA detection limit of 100 copies per µL, significantly improving sensitivity over conventional fluorescence assays.
  • Simultaneously profiled 205 ctDNA mutations and eight protein biomarkers from plasma.
  • Demonstrated high diagnostic performance: 90.0% specificity, 86.7% sensitivity, and 87.5% overall accuracy for classifying multiple cancer types.
  • Completed sample-to-diagnosis in under 100 minutes with low-instrument dependency.

Conclusions:

  • The SPECTRAL platform offers a sensitive, rapid, and sequencing-free approach for decentralized liquid biopsy.
  • Integration of photonic-crystal hydrogels, PNA probes, and AI-driven analysis overcomes key ctDNA detection challenges.
  • This technology holds significant potential for early cancer detection and personalized diagnostics at the point of care.