Karimabad virus: A neglected sandfly-borne pathogen

Karimabad virus (KARV), a member of the Phlebovirus genus within the Phenuiviridae family, is primarily transmitted through the bites of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). KARV has a wide geographic distribution, spanning the Mediterranean region, Africa, Central Asia, and West Asia, with recent studies identifying its presence in the Xinjiang region of China. Despite its potential public health significance, there is currently a paucity of research focusing on KARV. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of KARV's molecular biological characteristics, epidemiological features, cross-host transmission potential, and research methods to enhance understanding and guide future research endeavors. Serological studies have detected KARV-specific antibodies in wild and domestic animals, as well as in human populations residing in endemic areas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that KARV exhibits genetic diversity, which may be associated with the biological characteristics and immune responses of its hosts. KARV represents a virus with potential public health significance that requires enhanced research focus. Current knowledge gaps exist regarding this understudied phlebovirus, highlighting the need for future research endeavors to better understand its characteristics and implications.