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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Exploring the association between weight-adjusted-waist index and overactive bladder: A population-based study.

Xiaoyan Hu1, Weixing Jing2, Yiqi Huang3

  • 1Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.

Medicine
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is strongly linked to an increased risk of overactive bladder (OAB). This new measure shows better predictive power for OAB than traditional methods like BMI.

Keywords:
NHANESabdominal obesityobesityoveractive bladderweight-adjusted-waist index

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Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Public Health
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Obesity is a known risk factor for overactive bladder (OAB).
  • Traditional anthropometric measures like BMI and waist circumference have limitations in assessing central obesity.
  • The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) may offer a more precise assessment of central obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of overactive bladder (OAB).
  • To compare the predictive ability of WWI against traditional anthropometric measures for OAB risk.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the WWI-OAB relationship.
  • Subgroup interaction analyses were performed to ensure result stability.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated the predictive performance of WWI, BMI, and waist circumference.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between WWI and OAB risk.
  • Each 1-unit increase in WWI correlated with a 26% higher risk of OAB, even after adjusting for confounders.
  • WWI demonstrated superior predictive power for OAB compared to BMI and waist circumference (AUC = 0.669).

Conclusions:

  • Increased WWI is significantly associated with an elevated risk of overactive bladder (OAB).
  • WWI serves as a more effective anthropometric indicator for assessing OAB risk than traditional measures.