Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in COVID-19.

Cell·2020

Same author

Comparison of HLA ligand elution data and binding predictions reveals varying prediction performance for the multiple motifs recognized by HLA-DQ2.5.

Immunology·2020

Same author

Key Parameters of Tumor Epitope Immunogenicity Revealed Through a Consortium Approach Improve Neoantigen Prediction.

Cell·2020

Same author

Interferon-γ Release Assay for Accurate Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 T-Cell Response.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2020

Same author

Cross-reactive memory T cells and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2020

Same author

Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity.

Cell·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Production of Nurr-1 Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Free of Cross-reactivity Against Its Close Homologs, Nor1 and Nur77

Production of Nurr-1 Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Free of Cross-reactivity Against Its Close Homologs, Nor1 and Nur77

Published on: August 17, 2015

Nur77 Is Associated With Polyfunctional Properties in Virus-Specific Human CD8⁺ T Cells.

Fabiola Martel^1,2, Daniel Rincón², Caroline Passaes^3,4

¹Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

European Journal of Immunology

|May 12, 2026

Summary

The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is linked to enhanced function and memory in human CD8+ T cells. Modulating Nur77 may improve T cell responses during chronic infections like HIV and HBV.

Keywords:

CD8+ T cells Nur77 human memory polyfunctionality proliferation stem‐like

More Related Videos

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Production of Nurr-1 Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Free of Cross-reactivity Against Its Close Homologs, Nor1 and Nur77

Production of Nurr-1 Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Free of Cross-reactivity Against Its Close Homologs, Nor1 and Nur77

Published on: August 17, 2015

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Virology

Background:

Human CD8+ T cells exhibit metabolic and transcriptional changes upon activation.
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 influences T cell processes and has been implicated in T cell dysfunction.
The role of Nur77 in human CD8+ T cell memory and functionality remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression of Nur77 in human CD8+ T cells.
To determine the relationship between Nur77 expression and CD8+ T cell differentiation and functionality.
To explore Nur77's potential in enhancing T cell responses against chronic viral infections.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Nur77 expression in human CD8+ T cells from various viral infection and vaccination contexts.
Assessment of the correlation between Nur77 expression and T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) expression, differentiation status, and polyfunctionality.
In vitro modulation of Nur77 activity to evaluate its impact on chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells.

Main Results:

Nur77 expression is associated with an early-differentiated, TCF-1+ memory-like phenotype in human CD8+ T cells.
Nur77 correlates with enhanced cytokine polyfunctionality and proliferative capacity in long-lived antigen-responsive cells.
In vitro manipulation of Nur77 activity improved the functionality of chronic HIV- and HBV-specific CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions:

Nur77 is linked to polyfunctional properties in human virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses.
Nur77 expression is a marker for early-differentiated, functional memory-like CD8+ T cells.
Targeting Nur77 offers a potential strategy to enhance CD8+ T cell functionality in chronic antigen stimulation settings.