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Updated: May 13, 2026

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

Proton Conduction in Hydrogen-Bonded Networks Enables High-Speed PEDOT:PSS Devices.

Kalee Rozylowicz¹, Tyler Quill¹, Arianna Magni¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 12, 2026

Summary

Proton transport, not ion size, drives the high speed of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs). Molecular design of ionic liquids can unlock ultrafast switching for advanced electronics.

Keywords:

PEDOT:PSS artificial synapses ionic liquids neuromorphic computing organic mixed ionic−electronic conductors organic semiconductors proton hopping

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Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Electrochemistry

Background:

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) exhibit unexpectedly fast switching speeds.
Current understanding often attributes OMIEC kinetics to ion size and diffusivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the fundamental switching mechanism in PEDOT:PSS electrochemical random-access memories (ECRAMs).
To elucidate the role of ionic liquid chemistry in dictating OMIEC device speed.
To provide a molecular design strategy for high-speed neuromorphic and electrochemical technologies.

Main Methods:

Isotope substitution to probe proton transport mechanisms.
Analysis of hydrogen-bond networks and ionic liquid molecular structure.
Investigation of the role of water content and imidazole doping.

Main Results:

Proton transport, specifically cooperative proton hopping via hydrogen-bond networks, is identified as the key mechanism for fast kinetics in PEDOT:PSS ECRAMs.
The 2-position proton of the imidazolium ring is crucial for proton conduction.
Alkylation of ionic liquids hinders transport by limiting water uptake, while imidazole doping restores conductivity under anhydrous conditions.

Conclusions:

The anomalous speed of OMIEC devices is mechanistically linked to proton conduction governed by ionic liquid molecular features.
Tailoring ionic liquid chemistry, particularly hydrogen-bond networks, is essential for optimizing proton transport and achieving ultrafast switching.
This research provides a foundation for designing next-generation high-speed neuromorphic and electrochemical devices.