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Enhancing Heterogeneous Nucleation on Buried Interface for Efficient Antisolvent-Free Inverted Flexible Perovskite
Fei Wang1,2, Chengkai Jin1, Song Kong1
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology For Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 12, 2026
Summary
Interface ionic engineering using N-(4-Cyanophenyl)guanidine hydrochloride (NCGCl) enhances perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency and stability. This strategy overcomes substrate hydrophobicity, enabling uniform film deposition and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in flexible devices.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Self-assembled molecules (SAMs) improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) power conversion efficiency (PCE).
- Hydrophobic SAMs hinder uniform perovskite film deposition on flexible substrates.
- Addressing this limitation is crucial for scalable and stable PSC fabrication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an interface ionic engineering strategy to improve perovskite film formation on SAM-modified substrates.
- To overcome the solution spreading issue caused by hydrophobic SAMs.
- To enhance the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Main Methods:
- Modification of SAM layers with a multifunctional N-(4-Cyanophenyl)guanidine hydrochloride (NCGCl) salt.
- Utilizing NCGCl's hydrophilic functional groups to improve perovskite solution wettability.
- Employing antisolvent-free processing for perovskite film deposition.
- Characterizing PSC performance on rigid and flexible substrates.
Main Results:
- NCGCl facilitates heterogeneous nucleation and defect passivation through interactions with perovskite components.
- Enhanced substrate-perovskite interface bridging via π-π* stacking between NCGCl and SAMs.
- Achieved champion PCEs of 26.89% (rigid) and 25.29% (flexible) for PSCs.
- Fabricated 5 cm × 5 cm flexible mini-modules with a 22.28% PCE and excellent mechanical bending stability.
Conclusions:
- Interface ionic engineering with NCGCl effectively addresses SAM hydrophobicity in PSCs.
- The strategy enables high-efficiency, antisolvent-free PSC fabrication on diverse substrates.
- Demonstrated potential for scalable, stable, and efficient flexible perovskite solar modules.
