Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management
Diabetic Nephropathy
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration
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Updated: May 13, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Miguel Bigotte Vieira1,2, Carla Nicolau1, Andreia Curto3
1Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Lisbon, Portugal.
Moderate caffeine intake appears safe and potentially beneficial for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further research is needed to establish clear clinical recommendations for caffeine consumption in CKD patients.
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