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Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

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Brain Endurance Training Modulates Structure-Function Coupling and Enhances Soccer-Specific Performance: A Multimodal

Jinyu Liu¹, Ting Zhou², Jie Che³

¹School of Football, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

|May 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain endurance training (BET) improved soccer performance and brain function in athletes. This six-week intervention enhanced cognitive skills and neural efficiency, leading to better passing, shooting, and agility.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sports Science
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Soccer performance relies on complex cognitive and motor skills.
Brain plasticity and its impact on athletic performance are areas of active research.
Cognitive training interventions show potential for enhancing athletic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of a six-week brain endurance training (BET) intervention on soccer-specific performance.
To examine neural adaptations in structure-function coupling (SC-FC coupling) following BET in sub-elite male soccer players.
To determine if cognitive training can enhance the neural efficiency of executive-motor networks relevant to soccer.

Main Methods:

Seventy sub-elite male soccer players were randomly assigned to a BET group or a control group.
The BET group underwent 24 cognitive sessions combining Stroop and dual n-back tasks over six weeks.
Resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging assessed SC-FC coupling, alongside soccer performance tests (passing, shooting, agility, sprint).

Main Results:

BET participants showed significant improvements in passing accuracy, shooting precision, reactive agility, and sprint performance compared to controls.
Soccer-specific skills like passing completion time and shooting precision improved by 3.7% and 11.2% respectively.
MRI revealed altered SC-FC coupling in executive and motor-related brain regions, correlating with performance gains.

Conclusions:

A six-week BET intervention significantly enhances soccer-specific performance in sub-elite male players.
BET induces neuroplasticity by optimizing SC-FC coupling in key brain networks involved in attention and motor control.
Cognitive training offers a viable strategy to improve both neural efficiency and on-field performance in soccer athletes.