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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Mapping Menopause: a rapid review exploring complex menopause care.

Jenine Hira1,2, Rachel Ollivier2,3,4, Chris Johnston5

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex menopause care requires interdisciplinary teams to address unique patient needs and psychosocial concerns. Enhancing healthcare delivery involves integrating more specialists, including nonphysician practitioners, in tertiary care settings.

Keywords:
ComorbidityComplex menopauseHealth care deliveryIntegrated careMenopauseMultidisciplinary care

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Women's Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The global population is aging, leading to a significant increase in women experiencing menopause.
  • Existing menopause care often has gaps and barriers, particularly for individuals with complex conditions.
  • Provider knowledge gaps contribute to inconsistencies in menopause treatment and care delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on complex menopause care in tertiary settings.
  • To identify best practices and challenges in delivering care to diverse menopausal populations.
  • To inform recommendations for improving healthcare delivery in complex menopause.

Main Methods:

  • Rapid review methodology utilizing 4 electronic databases and grey literature.
  • Data extraction and screening of eligible papers published after 2010.
  • Quality assessment using Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklists.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen papers (10 high-quality, 3 moderate-quality) were included.
  • Key themes: interdisciplinary care teams, unique needs of specific populations (e.g., premature ovarian insufficiency, HIV, cancer survivors), and psychosocial aspects.
  • Identified persistent gaps in current care delivery for complex menopause patients.

Conclusions:

  • Tertiary care settings should expand specialist involvement in complex menopause care.
  • Integration of nonphysician practitioners is recommended for holistic care.
  • Enhancing healthcare delivery requires a multidisciplinary approach to meet diverse patient needs.