Nanozymes in Point-of-Care Testing: Classification, Biosensing Strategies, and Integrated Applications

Nanozymes, a class of artificial enzyme mimics, combine the catalytic properties of natural enzymes with the high stability inherent to nanomaterials. This unique combination of features has established them as core functional materials in advanced fields such as biosensing and disease therapy. This review systematically examines recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) biosensors based on nanozymes, focusing on three fundamental aspects: the first is the classification of nanozymes; the second is the mechanism of action of nanozymes in biomolecular recognition, signal conversion and output, and signal amplification processes; and the third is the innovative applications of nanozyme-based POCT technology in biomarker detection. By in-depth analyzing the multifunctional roles of nanozymes as recognition units, signal converters, and signal amplifiers, this article outlines the design strategies for constructing nanozyme-integrated POCT biosensors, with particular emphasis on the functional positioning of nanozymes within these systems. Furthermore, the application potential of nanozyme-based POCT in detecting diverse biomolecules is discussed, providing a reference for newcomers and researchers to quickly grasp current trends in the field. Finally, key challenges are highlighted, and future research directions are proposed.