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Related Experiment Videos

Chlorhexidine resistance in Proteus mirabilis.

D J Stickler

    Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |April 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study shows that Proteus mirabilis can develop resistance to chlorhexidine, a common antiseptic. This resistance also led to reduced sensitivity to other disinfectants like quaternary ammonium compounds.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Antimicrobial Resistance

    Background:

    • Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic in healthcare settings.
    • Emerging resistance to disinfectants poses a significant threat to infection control.
    • Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the susceptibility of clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis to chlorhexidine.
    • To determine if chlorhexidine resistance can be induced in vitro.
    • To assess the cross-resistance patterns of chlorhexidine-resistant strains to other disinfectants.

    Main Methods:

    • Screening of 104 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis for chlorhexidine sensitivity.
    • Induction of chlorhexidine resistance in susceptible strains through stepwise exposure to subinhibitory concentrations.
    • Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for chlorhexidine and other biocides.
    • Testing the sensitivity of both sensitive and resistant strains to cetrimide, benzalkonium chloride, chloroxylenol, glutaraldehyde, and 2-phenoxyethanol.

    Main Results:

    • Clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis exhibited a wide range of chlorhexidine susceptibility (MICs: 10–800 µg/ml).
    • Two susceptible strains were adapted to high-level chlorhexidine resistance (MICs increased to 200 and 800 µg/ml).
    • Chlorhexidine-resistant strains showed reduced sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compounds (cetrimide and benzalkonium chloride).
    • All strains, regardless of chlorhexidine resistance, remained uniformly sensitive to chloroxylenol, glutaraldehyde, and 2-phenoxyethanol.

    Conclusions:

    • Proteus mirabilis can develop resistance to chlorhexidine.
    • Induced chlorhexidine resistance in Proteus mirabilis is associated with cross-resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.
    • Alternative disinfectants like chloroxylenol, glutaraldehyde, and 2-phenoxyethanol remain effective against chlorhexidine-resistant strains.

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