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Related Concept Videos

What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
06:28

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Rural livelihood vulnerability to climate variability: a district-level assessment in Ethiopia.

Gashaw Bimrew Tarekegn1, Kindalem Gebre Goshu2, Fekadie Bazie Enyew1

  • 1Institute of Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 5501, Ethiopia.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Smallholder farmers in Ethiopia face climate risks, with cold highland zones being most vulnerable due to limited resources and high exposure. Targeted adaptation strategies are crucial for building resilience across diverse agro-ecological zones.

Keywords:
Climate variabilityLVI–IPCC frameworkLivelihood vulnerabilityLivelihood vulnerability index (LVI)Smallholder farmers

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
06:28

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Climate Science
  • Development Studies

Background:

  • Climate variability significantly impacts Ethiopia's smallholder farming systems, which are heavily reliant on rainfall.
  • Existing vulnerability studies often lack localized detail and robustness testing, limiting policy relevance for adaptation at the farm level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess smallholder farmers' vulnerability to climate variability across three agro-ecological zones in Legambo District, Ethiopia.
  • To identify key drivers of vulnerability and heterogeneity within these zones.
  • To provide evidence for locally differentiated adaptation and development interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach combining household surveys (347 households), focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and climate data.
  • Utilized the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC framework with 48 indicators across 12 components.
  • Employed PCA-based sensitivity analysis to assess index robustness and examined household-level vulnerability distributions.

Main Results:

  • Consistent differences in vulnerability were observed across agro-ecological zones.
  • The cold highland zone was most vulnerable (LVI=0.370) due to high exposure, limited infrastructure, and weak adaptive capacity.
  • The midland zone was least vulnerable (LVI=0.285) owing to livelihood diversification and better asset access, while the highland zone showed moderate vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiated policy responses are essential to enhance smallholder farmer resilience in Ethiopia.
  • Interventions should focus on improving rural infrastructure (roads, water, health), providing zone-specific extension support, and increasing access to climate-resilient inputs.