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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

RSV vaccination in immunocompromised adults.

Paul Loubet1, Slim Fourati2, Odile Launay3

  • 1VBIC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination offers significant protection against severe disease in immunocompromised adults, despite reduced immune responses. Further research is needed to optimize strategies for these vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
EffectivenessImmunocompromisedImmunogenicityRespiratory syncytial virusVaccine

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
11:48

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Transplant Medicine

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant threat, causing severe lower respiratory tract disease in immunocompromised adults, particularly transplant recipients.
  • Recent approvals of RSV vaccines for older adults expand eligibility to immunocompromised individuals, a group underrepresented in initial clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and real-world effectiveness of RSV vaccines in immunocompromised adults.
  • To synthesize emerging data on vaccine performance in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of data from prospective immunogenicity studies.
  • Analysis of large-scale real-world effectiveness studies.
  • Evaluation of RSV vaccine performance in immunocompromised adult populations.

Main Results:

  • Attenuated and heterogeneous humoral immune responses observed, with seroconversion rates of 30-60% in transplant patients.
  • Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization ranges from 65-75% in the first season, with waning protection over two seasons.
  • Cellular immune responses, like CD4 T-cell responses, may remain intact, suggesting antibody levels alone don't fully capture protection.

Conclusions:

  • RSV vaccination provides substantial protection against severe disease in immunocompromised adults, despite lower immunogenicity and durability compared to immunocompetent individuals.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize vaccination timing, explore booster strategies, and consider passive immunization for high-risk subgroups.