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Published on: May 9, 2025

Engineering immune cells for next-generation therapies.

Maosen Han¹, Jingzhao Lou¹, Min Pan¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine; Shandong Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug Delivery and Advanced Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China.

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|May 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immune cell engineering is revolutionizing medicine for cancer and autoimmune diseases. New delivery and gene editing tools like CRISPR enable precise programming of immune cells for advanced therapies.

Keywords:

Cell Regulatory elements Delivery technologies Engineering immune cells Immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

Immunology and Medicine
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Background:

Immune cell engineering is a rapidly advancing field with significant therapeutic potential.
Key innovations include advanced delivery systems (viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles) and gene editing tools (mRNA, CRISPR).
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology exemplifies engineered immune cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current approaches in immune cell engineering.
To compare delivery systems and engineered regulatory elements.
To highlight therapeutic applications and discuss challenges.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on immune cell engineering technologies.
Comparison of various delivery systems (viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles, polymer-based systems).
Analysis of gene editing tools (mRNA platforms, CRISPR) and CAR designs.

Main Results:

Engineered immune cells, including T cells and others, show promise for treating various diseases.
Transition towards in vivo reprogramming aims to overcome manufacturing limitations.
Artificial intelligence is accelerating the design of next-generation immune cell therapies.

Conclusions:

Immune cell engineering offers transformative therapeutic strategies for cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases.
Overcoming challenges in safety, persistence, and microenvironmental barriers is crucial for widespread clinical application.
Future therapies will likely leverage AI for rational design and in vivo reprogramming approaches.