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Behaviour change techniques and physical activity outcomes in interventions for children with type 1 diabetes: A

Simran Gill1, Natalie Grieve2, Luc van Heerden1

  • 1Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|May 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Physical activity interventions for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are limited. While some interventions showed improvements, no clear link was found between behavior change techniques and success, suggesting further research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Exercise Science
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit lower physical activity levels compared to their peers.
  • Meeting physical activity guidelines is crucial for managing T1D and overall health in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review identifying and describing physical activity interventions for children with T1D.
  • To analyze the behavior change techniques (BCTs) employed in these interventions and their association with outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of six databases for peer-reviewed articles (2000-2025) focusing on physical activity interventions for children with T1D.
  • Extraction of intervention details and coding of BCTs using the BCT Taxonomy (v1).
  • Analysis of 12 included studies, examining sample sizes, intervention duration, and physical activity measurement methods (primarily accelerometry).

Main Results:

  • Only three of the twelve interventions reported significant improvements in physical activity.
  • Interventions utilized an average of five BCTs, with no clear correlation found between the number or type of BCTs and physical activity outcomes.
  • The review identified a limited number of studies addressing physical activity in this population.

Conclusions:

  • There is a paucity of physical activity interventions designed for children with type 1 diabetes.
  • While specific BCTs show potential, further research is required to establish their efficacy and optimize intervention strategies for improving physical activity in this cohort.

Keywords:
ChildrenPhysical activitySystematic reviewType 1 diabetes

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